Canada’s Energy Transition: Historical and Future Changes to Energy Systems – Update – An Energy Market Assessment

8. Bibliography and Data

Bibliography

Aluminium Association of Canada (2017, 28 March). “Position of the Aluminium Association of Canada as Part of Canada’s Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy

American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (2014). “The Best Value for America’s Energy Dollar: A National Review of the Cost of Utility Energy Efficiency Programs

Bataille, C. et al. (2015). “Pathways to Deep Decarbonization in Canada”. Published by: Sustainable Development Solutions Network and Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations

Bataille, C. et al. (2018). “A review of technology and policy deep decarbonization pathway options for making energy-intensive industry production consistent with the Paris Agreement”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 187, pp. 960-973

Bloomberg New Energy Finance (2018). “New Energy Outlook 2018

BP (2018). “Statistical Review of World Energy: 2018”. Retrieved from: BP Energy Economics

BP (2019). “BP Energy Outlook: 2019”. Retrieved from: BP Energy Economics

Canada’s Oil Sands Innovation Alliance (2018). “Greenhouse Gases

Canadian Energy Systems Analysis Research (2017). “Sankey diagrams associated with fuel and electricity production and use in Canada

Canadian Fuels Association (2018, 5 July). “Reducing ‘empty kilometres’: SmartWay works on making trucking more efficient

Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (2017). “History of UN Climate Talks

Coad, L. et al. (2018). “The Cost of a Cleaner Future: Examining the Economic Impacts of Reducing GHG Emissions”. Retrieved from: The Conference Board of Canada

The Conference Board of Canada (2016). “How Canada Performs: Environment Report Card

Energy and Mines Ministers’ Conference (2017, August). “Build Smart: Canada’s Buildings Strategy”. Retrieved from: Natural Resources Canada

Energy Information Administration (2014, 9 May). “Today in Energy: Recycling is the primary energy efficiency technology for aluminum and steel manufacturing

Environment and Climate Change Canada (2016). “Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change

Environment and Climate Change Canada (2016). “Canada’s Mid-Century Long-term Low-Greenhouse Gas Development Strategy

Environment and Climate Change Canada (2018, 14 June). “Regulations for trucks, buses, and large vehicles cut pollution, improve air quality, and boost competitiveness”. [Press Release]

Environment and Climate Change Canada (2018, 12 December). “Canada’s coal power phase-out reaches another milestone”. [Press Release]

Environment and Climate Change Canada (2019). “National Inventory Report 1990-2017: Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in Canada

Environment and Climate Change Canada (2018). “Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change: Annual Synthesis Report on the Status of Implementation

Environmental Protection Agency (2017). “Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Understanding Global Warming Potentials

European Academies Science Advisory Council (2018) “Negative emission technologies: What role in meeting Paris Agreement targets?

European Nuclear Society (2016). “Nuclear power plants, world-wide

Fattouh, B., Poudineh, R. and West, R. (2018). “The rise of renewables and energy transition: what adaptation strategy for oil companies and oil-exporting countries?” Retrieved from: The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies

Forrest, J. (2017). “Crude Oil Investing in a Carbon Constrained World: 2017 Update”. Retrieved from: ARC Energy Institute

Freidrich, J. (2014, 21 May). “The History of Carbon Dioxide Emissions”. Retrieved from: World Resources Institute

Generation Energy Council (2018). “Canada’s Energy Transition: Getting to Our Energy Future, Together”. Retrieved from: Natural Resources Canada

Government of Alberta (2018, September). “Environmental performance: oil sands emissions intensity

Government of Canada (2016). “Economic analysis of the Pan-Canadian Framework

Government of Canada (2018). “Estimated impacts of the Federal Carbon Pollution Pricing System

International Energy Agency (2016). “Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Canada 2015 Review

International Energy Agency (2017). “Digitalization and Energy

International Energy Agency (2017). “Energy Technology Perspectives

International Energy Agency (2018). “World Energy Outlook 2018

International Energy Agency (2018). “Energy Efficiency Potential in Canada

Langlois-Bertrand, S., et al. (2018). “Canadian Energy Outlook – 2018: Horizon 2050”. Retrieved from: Institute de l’énergie Trottier and e3 Hub

Leahy, S. (2017, 25 September). “Without the Ozone Treaty You’d Get Sunburned in 5 Minutes”. Retrieved from: National Geographic News

National Energy Board (2007). “Canada's Energy Future – Reference Case and Scenarios to 2030

National Energy Board (2015, 5 May). “Market Snapshot: In-Situ Oil Sands Producers More Efficient, Using Less Steam per Barrel in 2014

National Energy Board (2016, 13 January). “Market Snapshot: Trucks Account for Larger Share of New Vehicle Sales

National Energy Board (2016, 2 November). “Market Snapshot: Major household appliances now significantly more energy efficient

National Energy Board (2017). “Canada’s Energy Future 2017 Supplement: Oil Sands Production

National Energy Board (2018). “The Economics of Solar Power in Canada

National Energy Board (2018). “Canada’s Energy Future 2018: Energy Supply and Demand Projections to 2040

National Energy Board (2018, 18 July). “Market Snapshot: Vehicle emissions standards will reduce gasoline use

National Energy Board (2018, 12 September). “Market Snapshot: How much CO2 do electric vehicles, hybrids and gasoline vehicles emit?

National Energy Board (2019, 2, January). “Market Snapshot: EVs in Canada – the hidden potential of the electric truck market

National Energy Board (2019, 30 January). “Market Snapshot: Carbon capture, utilization, and storage market developments

National Energy Board (2019, 20 February). “Market Snapshot: Solar power generation in Canada is highly seasonal

National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy and Sustainable Development Technology Canada (2009). “Geared for Change: Energy Efficiency in Canada’s Commercial Building Sector

Natural Resources Canada (2014). “Carbon Capture & Storage

Natural Resources Canada (2018, 13 September). “Energy Facts: Energy and the economy

Natural Resources Canada (2018). “Biofuels

Natural Resources Canada (2018). “Fuel-efficient driving techniques

Natural Resources Canada (2018). “Paving the Road to 2030 and Beyond: Market transformation road map for energy efficient equipment in the building sector

Natural Resources Canada (2019). “NetZero: future building standards

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2017). “OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Canada 2017

Plumptre, B., Angen, E., and Zimmerman, D. (2017, June). “State of Freight: Understanding greenhouse gas emissions from goods movement in Canada”. Retrieved from: The Pembina Institute

Prime Minister of Canada (2018, 10 May). “Alcoa and Rio Tinto announce world’s first carbon-free aluminum smelting process”. [Press Release]

Roberts, D. (2018, 26 October). “Clean energy is catching up to natural gas”. Retrieved from: Vox

Robins, A. (2017). “Doing More with Less: Energy Efficiency Potential in Canada”. Retrieved from: The Conference Board of Canada

Smil, V. (2017). Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2nd ed). Santa Barbara, California: Praeger

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Torrie, R. and Layzell, D.B. (2016, 26 April). “The Elephant in the Room: Energy Intensity of the Canadian Economy”. Retrieved from: CESAR

Tsafos, N. (2018, September). “Must the Energy Transition Be Slow? Not Necessarily”. Retrieved from: The Center for Strategic and International Studies

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Data Sources

Data Sources
Figure 1: Useful Energy and Losses in Canada CESAR: Sankey diagrams associated with fuel and electricity production and use in Canada
NRCan: Generation Energy Council Report
Figure 2: Energy Consumption: OECD and Non-OECD Nations, 1965-2017 BP: Statistical Review of World Energy 2018
Table 2: Energy Density and Carbon Emissions from Various Fuels University of Washington
Quaschning, V.: Specific Carbon Dioxide Emissions of Various Fuels
Figure 3: Global Primary Energy Consumption by Fuel, 1850 – 2017 Data from 1850 – 1959:
Grübler, A.: data appendix from “Technology and Global Change”

Data from 1960 – 2017:
BP: Statistical Review of World Energy 2018
Figure 4: Global GHG Emissions and Canada’s Share, 1990 – 2014 CAIT: Climate Data Explorer
Figure 5: Canada’s Historical GHG Emissions and 2030 Target ECCC: National Inventory Report 1990-2017
Figure 6: Energy Intensity for OECD Economies and Select NICs, 2015 World Bank: Energy intensity level of primary energy
Figure 7: GHG Emissions by Sector in Canada, 1990 – 2017 ECCC: National Inventory Report 1990-2017
Figure 8: Index of Economy, Energy, and Emissions Factors in Canada, 1981 – 2017 Statistics Canada: Tables 25-10-0004-01, 25-10-0029-01, 36-10-0222-01, and 17-01-0005-01
ECCC: National Inventory Report 1990-2017
Figure 9: GHG Emissions by Country: Intensity and Per Capita, 2015 CAIT: Climate Data Explorer
Figure 10: Total Electricity Generation and Generation Intensity by Province, 1990 vs. 2017 ECCC: National Inventory Report 1990-2017
Figure 11: Installed Electricity Capacity in Canada, 2005 – 2017 NEB: Canada’s Energy Future 2018
Figure 12: Canadian End-Use Energy Demand and Electricity Generation by Fuel, 2017 NEB: Canada’s Energy Future 2018
Figure 13: Growth of Transportation Sector GHG Emissions, 1990 and 2017 ECCC: National Inventory Report 1990-2017
Figure 14: Growth of Electric Vehicles in Canada, 2012 – 2018 Statistics Canada: Table 20-10-0001-01
Fleet Carma
Klippenstein, M.: Canada EV Sales Data
Figure 15: Share of Energy Use and GHG Emissions from Industry, 1990 and 2016 NRCan: National Energy Use Database, Industrial Sector – Aggregated Industries (Table 3)
Figure 16: Residential Space Heating System Stock Share, 1990 – 2016 NRCan: National Energy Use Database, Residential Space Heating System Stock Share
Figure 17: Commercial Building Energy Use and Intensity by Age of Construction, 2014 NRCan: National Energy Use Database, Survey of Commercial and Institutional Energy Use, Table 18
Figure 18: Primary Energy Demand Projections for 2030: EF2007 vs. EF2018 NEB: Canada’s Energy Future 2007
NEB: Canada’s Energy Future 2018
Figure 19: Primary Energy Demand: EF2007 Cases vs. Historical, 2005 – 2017 NEB: Canada’s Energy Future 2007
NEB: Canada’s Energy Future 2018
Figure 20: Primary Energy Demand Intensity: EF2018 Reference Case, 2005 – 2040 NEB: Canada’s Energy Future 2018
Figure 21: Fossil Fuel Use and Intensity: EF2018 Reference vs. Technology Cases NEB: Canada’s Energy Future 2018
Figure 22: Pathways to Achieving Emissions Reductions in Canada NEB calculations
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